Category: Python

Sometimes, we want to determine the encoding of text with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to determine the encoding of text with Python.

How to determine the encoding of text with Python?

To determine the encoding of text with Python, we can use the python-magic package.

To install it, we run:

pip install python-magic

Then we write:

import magic

blob = open('foo.txt', 'rb').read()
m = magic.open(magic.MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING)
m.load()
encoding = m.buffer(blob)
print(encoding)

to open the foo.txt file with open.

Then we read the file with read.

Next, we call magic.open with magic.MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING and assign the returned object to m to let us call the load and buffer methods to determine the encoding of blob`.

blob has the returned file handle from read.

Conclusion

To determine the encoding of text with Python, we can use the python-magic package.

Sometimes, we want to get the key with maximum value in dictionary with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to get the key with maximum value in dictionary with Python.

How to get the key with maximum value in dictionary with Python?

To get the key with maximum value in dictionary with Python, we can use the max method with the key set to the get method of the dictionary.

For instance, we write:

stats = {'a': 1000, 'b': 3000, 'c': 100}
max_stats = max(stats, key=stats.get)
print(max_stats)

to call max with the stats dictionary and key set to stats.get, which returns the value of the entry with the given key.

And then we assign the returned value to max_stats.

Therefore, max_stats is 'b'.

Conclusion

To get the key with maximum value in dictionary with Python, we can use the max method with the key set to the get method of the dictionary.

Sometimes, we want to download a file over HTTP with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to download a file over HTTP with Python.

How to download a file over HTTP with Python?

To download a file over HTTP with Python, we can use the urllib.request.urlretrieve method.

For instance, we’ll write:

import urllib.request

photo = urllib.request.urlretrieve(
    "https://i.picsum.photos/id/830/200/300.jpg?hmac=YHS3854_x-GHeQToxsiUmEvBJpDbZOAyixX9nxz61Sg",
    "photo.jpg")
print(photo)

We call urllib.request.urlretrieve with the URL of the file to retrieve and the file name to save the file as respectively.

And we assign the returned file to photo.

Therefore, photo is the photo file object we downloaded onto the disk.

Conclusion

To download a file over HTTP with Python, we can use the urllib.request.urlretrieve method.

Sometimes, we want to sort a list of tuples by the element at a given index with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to sort a list of tuples by the element at a given index with Python.

How to sort a list of tuples by the element at a given index with Python?

To sort a list of tuples by the element at a given index with Python, we can use the sorted function with a lambda function that specifies which item in the tuple we want to sort the list of tuples by.

For instance, we write:

data = [(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 4)]
sorted_data = sorted(data, key=lambda tup: (tup[1], tup[2]))
print(sorted_data)

to call sorted to sort data by the value of the 2nd and 3rd items in each tuple in this order.

We specify this with a lambda function that returns a tuple with the 2nd and 3rd item in each tuple.

Therefore, data is [(1, 1, 4), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 3)].

Conclusion

To sort a list of tuples by the element at a given index with Python, we can use the sorted function with a lambda function that specifies which item in the tuple we want to sort the list of tuples by.

Sometimes, we want to create a dictionary with list comprehension with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to create a dictionary with list comprehension with Python.

How to create a dictionary with list comprehension with Python?

To create a dictionary with list comprehension with Python, we can use the dictionary comprehension syntax in the following format:

{key: value for (key, value) in iterable}

For instance, we write:

ts = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
d = {key: value for (key, value) in ts}
print(d)

We have the ts array with tuples as elements.

Then we destructure the tuples with for (key, value) in ts and put them into the dictionary as entries.

And then we assign the dictionary to d.

Therefore, d is {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.

Conclusion

To create a dictionary with list comprehension with Python, we can use the dictionary comprehension syntax in the following format:

{key: value for (key, value) in iterable}