Category: Python Answers

Sometimes, we want to convert a string of bytes into an int with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to convert a string of bytes into an int with Python.

How to convert a string of bytes into an int with Python?

To convert a string of bytes into an int with Python, we can use the int.from_bytes method.

For instance, we write

n = int.from_bytes(b'y\xcc\xa6\xbb', byteorder='big')

to call int.from_types with a byte string and the byteorder argument set to the string value for the endianness of the byte string.

We can set byteorder to 'little' if we have a little endian byte string.

Conclusion

To convert a string of bytes into an int with Python, we can use the int.from_bytes method.

Sometimes, we want to read text from the clipboard with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to read text from the clipboard with Python.

How to read text from the clipboard with Python?

To read text from the clipboard with Python, we can use the pywin32 library.

For instance, we write

pip install pywin32

Then we use it by writing

import win32clipboard

win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
win32clipboard.SetClipboardText('testing 123')
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()

win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
data = win32clipboard.GetClipboardData()
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
print(data)

We copy the 'testing 123' string to the clipboard with

win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
win32clipboard.SetClipboardText('testing 123')
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()

And then we get the copied value from the clipboard with

win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
data = win32clipboard.GetClipboardData()
win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
print(data)

Conclusion

To read text from the clipboard with Python, we can use the pywin32 library.

Sometimes, we want to get month name from number with Python.

In this article, we’ll look at how to get month name from number with Python.

How to get month name from number with Python?

To get month name from number with Python, we can use the strftime mehtod.

For instance, we write

import datetime
mydate = datetime.datetime.now()
m = mydate.strftime("%B")

to call datetime.datetime.now to get the current datetime.

Then we call mydate.strftime with '%B' to return a string with the full month name of the current datetime.

Conclusion

To get month name from number with Python, we can use the strftime mehtod.

Sometimes, we want to format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number with Python matplotlib.

In this article, we’ll look at how to format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number with Python matplotlib.

How to format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number with Python matplotlib?

To format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number with Python matplotlib, we can custom the labels with functions.

For instance, we write

from pylab import *

x = linspace(55478, 55486, 100)
y = random(100) - 0.5
y = cumsum(y)
y -= y.min()
y *= 1e-8

plot(x,y)

locs, labels = xticks()
xticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs))

locs,labels = yticks()
yticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%.1f" % x, locs*1e9))
ylabel('microseconds (1E-9)')

show()

to plot the values from the x and y arrays.

Then we call xticks with the locs list and we call map with the a function to return the values of the locs values formatted our way.

Likewise, we do the same with the y-axis labels by call yticks with locs and map with a function and locs*1e9 to format the labels for the y-axis labels.

Conclusion

To format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number with Python matplotlib, we can custom the labels with functions.

Sometimes, we want to get a union of strings with Python Pandas groupby.

In this article, we’ll look at how to get a union of strings with Python Pandas groupby.

How to get a union of strings with Python Pandas groupby?

To get a union of strings with Python Pandas groupby, we can use the groupby method with the apply method.

For instance, we write

l = d.groupby('A')['B'].apply(list)

to call groupby with 'A' to group the rows in the d data frame by the values of column A.

Then we get the values of column B from the grouped items.

Next, we call apply with list to put the grouped items into their own list separated by group and return a new data frame with the values.

Conclusion

To get a union of strings with Python Pandas groupby, we can use the groupby method with the apply method.